![]() By the end of this tutorial, you'll be familiar with commands that will let you restructure your Git commits, and be able to avoid pitfalls that are commonly encountered when rewriting history. ![]() These options give you powerful work flow customization options. These mechanisms include: Commit -amend, git rebase and git reflog. Git has several mechanisms for storing history and saving changes. Git provides its history-rewriting commands under the disclaimer that using them may result in lost content. This includes letting you define exactly what your project history looks like however, it also creates the potential of losing commits. ![]() But it's also designed to give you total control over your development workflow. Git's main job is to make sure you never lose a committed change. This tutorial discusses some of the most common reasons for overwriting committed snapshots and shows you how to avoid the pitfalls of doing so. We will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different methods and give examples of how to work with them. Git uses a few different methods to record changes. This tutorial will cover various methods of rewriting and altering Git history. To add it to your git, run this command (explanation given below): git config -global alias.amend-to '!f() "' "s/^pick ('"$commit"'. It's based on non-interactive interactive rebase. I just thought I'd share an alias that I'm using for this. Your editor will open with the commits already correctly ordered pick e8adec4 Commit2 Then initiate an interactive rebase on the commit before $ git rebase e8adec4^ -i -autosquash When the commit log message begins with "squash! …" (or "fixup! …"), and there is a commit whose title begins with the same …, automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the commit to be modifiedĪssume you have a history that looks like this: $ git log -graph -onelineĪnd you have changes that you want to amend to Commit2 then commit your changes using $ git commit -m "fixup! Commit2"Īlternatively you can use the commit-sha instead of the commit message, so "fixup! e8adec4 or even just a prefix of the commit message. It essentially speeds up the process that ZelluX's answer illustrates, and is especially handy when you have more than one commit you need to edit. Interactive rebase with -autosquash is something I frequently use when I need to fixup previous commits deeper in the history. If you'd rather use a different editor, change it with git config -global core.editor your-favorite-text-editor. Vim doesn't work like most modern text editors, so take a look at how to rebase using Vim. On many systems, git rebase -i will open up Vim by default. * Also, don't rewrite history on any branches you're collaborating on. * Watch out for options like -hard and -force though - they can discard data. ProTip™: Don't be afraid to experiment with "dangerous" commands that rewrite history* - Git doesn't delete your commits for 90 days by default you can find them in the reflog: $ git reset # go back 3 commitsĬ4f708b reset: moving to commit: more changes Read more about rewriting history in the Git docs. Note: is shorthand for HEAD, and ~ is the commit before the specified commit. You may be asked to fix some merge conflicts. Then, run git rebase -continue, and Git will replay the subsequent changes on top of your modified commit. The latter is useful for doing more complex stuff like splitting into multiple commits. take you to the point you were at when you'd edited the files, but hadn't committed yet). use git reset to discard the last commit, but not the changes to the files (i.e.use git commit -amend to make changes, or.Git will rewind to that commit, allowing you to either: Use the awesome interactive rebase: git rebase -i # Show the last 9 commits in a text editorįind the commit you want, change pick to e ( edit), and save and close the file.
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